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Disease Profile
Orotic aciduria type 1
Prevalence estimates on Rare Medical Network websites are calculated based on data available from numerous sources, including US and European government statistics, the NIH, Orphanet, and published epidemiologic studies. Rare disease population data is recognized to be highly variable, and based on a wide variety of source data and methodologies, so the prevalence data on this site should be assumed to be estimated and cannot be considered to be absolutely correct.
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Age of onset
Infancy
ICD-10
E79.8
Inheritance
Autosomal dominant A pathogenic variant in only one gene copy in each cell is sufficient to cause an autosomal dominant disease.
Autosomal recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of each gene of the chromosome are needed to cause an autosomal recessive disease and observe the mutant phenotype.
X-linked
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
dominant X-linked dominant inheritance, sometimes referred to as X-linked dominance, is a mode of genetic inheritance by which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
X-linked
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
recessive Pathogenic variants in both copies of a gene on the X chromosome cause an X-linked recessive disorder.
Mitochondrial or multigenic Mitochondrial genetic disorders can be caused by changes (mutations) in either the mitochondrial DNA or nuclear DNA that lead to dysfunction of the mitochondria and inadequate production of energy.
Multigenic or multifactor Inheritance involving many factors, of which at least one is genetic but none is of overwhelming importance, as in the causation of a disease by multiple genetic and environmental factors.
Not applicable
Other names (AKA)
Orotidylic pyrophosphorylase and orotidylic decarboxylase deficiency; UMPS deficiency; Uridine monophosphate synthase deficiency;
Categories
Blood Diseases; Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders
Summary
Orotic aciduria type I (OA1), also known as hereditary orotic aciduria, is a rare condition characterized by elevated levels of orotic acid in the urine.[1] It typically becomes apparent in the first months of life with megaloblastic anemia, as well as delays in physical and intellectual development.[1][2] OA1 is caused by changes (
Treatment involves taking uridine; uridine triacetate was granted FDA approval for treating OA1 in 2015.[3] Without treatment, children with OA1 may experience neutropenia, failure to thrive,
Symptoms
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names |
Learn More:
HPO ID
|
---|---|---|
80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
Aminoaciduria |
High urine amino acid levels
Increased levels of animo acids in urine
[ more ] |
0003355 |
Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
|
0001903 | |
Global |
0001263 | |
Orotic acid crystalluria | 0003526 | |
Oroticaciduria |
High urine orotic acid levels
|
0003218 |
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
Abnormal toenail morphology |
Abnormality of the toenail
Abnormality of the toenails
[ more ] |
0008388 |
Abnormality of the ureter | 0000069 | |
Downslanted palpebral fissures |
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
|
0000494 |
Hip dysplasia | 0001385 | |
Hypertelorism |
Wide-set eyes
Widely spaced eyes
[ more ] |
0000316 |
Impaired T |
T-cell dysfunction
|
0005435 |
Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears | 0000368 | |
Patent ductus arteriosus | 0001643 | |
Recurrent respiratory infections |
Frequent respiratory infections
Multiple respiratory infections
respiratory infections, recurrent
Susceptibility to respiratory infections
[ more ] |
0002205 |
Splenomegaly |
Increased spleen size
|
0001744 |
Wide nasal bridge |
Broad nasal bridge
Broad nasal root
Broadened nasal bridge
Increased breadth of bridge of nose
Increased breadth of nasal bridge
Increased width of bridge of nose
Increased width of nasal bridge
Nasal bridge broad
Wide bridge of nose
Widened nasal bridge
[ more ] |
0000431 |
5%-29% of people have these symptoms | ||
Atrial septal defect |
An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart
Hole in heart wall separating two upper heart chambers
[ more ] |
0001631 |
Failure to thrive |
Faltering weight
Weight faltering
[ more ] |
0001508 |
Ventricular septal defect |
Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers
|
0001629 |
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
Anisocytosis |
Unequal size of red blood cells
|
0011273 |
0000007 | ||
Folate-unresponsive megaloblastic anemia | 0004826 | |
Hematuria |
Blood in urine
|
0000790 |
Hypochromia | 0032231 | |
Poikilocytosis | 0004447 | |
Pyrimidine-responsive megaloblastic anemia | 0003339 | |
Reduced orotidine 5-prime phosphate decarboxylase level | 0003267 |
Diagnosis
Treatment
FDA-Approved Treatments
The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.
- Uridine triacetate(Brand name: Xuriden) Manufactured by Wellstat Therapeutics, Inc.
FDA-approved indication: Treatment of hereditary orotic aciduria.
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal
Organizations
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Organizations Providing General Support
-
Human Growth Foundation
997 Glen Cove Avenue, Suite 5
Glen Head, NY 11545
Toll-free: 1-800-451-6434
Fax: 516-671-4055
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: https://www.hgfound.org/ -
Restricted Growth Association
P.O. Box 4744
Dorchester
Dorset, Intl DT2 9FA
United Kingdom
Telephone: 01308 898445
Fax: 01308 898445
Website: https://www.restrictedgrowth.co.uk
Learn more
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
In-Depth Information
- The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
- Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
- Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
- PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Orotic aciduria type 1. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.
References
- Wortmann SB, Chen MA, Colombo R, et al. Mild orotic aciduria in UMPS heterozygotes: a metabolic finding without clinical consequences. J Inherit Metab Dis. May, 2017; 40(3):423-431. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5393157/.
- Nyhan WL. Disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism. 2005; 86:25-33. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16176880. Accessed 4/2/2012.
- Rautio J, Karkkainen J, Sloan KB. Prodrugs – Recent approvals and a glimpse of the pipeline. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. November, 2017; 109:146-161. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28782609.
- Balasubramaniam S, Duley JA, Christodoulou J. Inborn errors of pyrimidine metabolism: clinical update and therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis. September, 2014; 37(5):687-698. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030255.
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